Tailwind Design System

---
name: tailwind-design-system
model: fast
---

# Tailwind Design System

Build production-ready component libraries with Tailwind CSS using CVA, compound components, design tokens, and theming.

## WHAT

Patterns for scalable Tailwind-based design systems:
- Class Variance Authority (CVA) for type-safe variants
- Compound component architecture
- CSS variable-based theming
- Dark mode implementation
- Responsive grid systems
- Animation utilities

## WHEN

- Building a component library with Tailwind
- Implementing design tokens and theming
- Creating reusable UI components with variants
- Setting up dark mode
- Standardizing patterns across a codebase

## KEYWORDS

tailwind, cva, design system, component library, variants, theming, dark mode, design tokens, shadcn, compound components, tailwind-merge

**Related skills:** `tailwind-v4-shadcn` for Tailwind v4 setup and migration


## Installation

### OpenClaw / Moltbot / Clawbot

```bash
npx clawhub@latest install tailwind-design-system
```


---

## Core Setup

### Utility Function

```typescript
// lib/utils.ts
import { type ClassValue, clsx } from 'clsx'
import { twMerge } from 'tailwind-merge'

export function cn(...inputs: ClassValue[]) {
  return twMerge(clsx(inputs))
}
```

### Design Token Architecture

```
Primitive Tokens (abstract)
    └── Semantic Tokens (purpose)
        └── Component Tokens (specific)

Example:
    slate-900 → foreground → card-title-color
```

---

## Pattern 1: CVA Components

Class Variance Authority for type-safe, variant-based components:

```typescript
// components/ui/button.tsx
import { cva, type VariantProps } from 'class-variance-authority'
import { forwardRef } from 'react'
import { cn } from '@/lib/utils'

const buttonVariants = cva(
  // Base styles (always applied)
  'inline-flex items-center justify-center whitespace-nowrap rounded-md text-sm font-medium transition-colors focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ring disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50',
  {
    variants: {
      variant: {
        default: 'bg-primary text-primary-foreground hover:bg-primary/90',
        destructive: 'bg-destructive text-destructive-foreground hover:bg-destructive/90',
        outline: 'border border-input bg-background hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground',
        secondary: 'bg-secondary text-secondary-foreground hover:bg-secondary/80',
        ghost: 'hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground',
        link: 'text-primary underline-offset-4 hover:underline',
      },
      size: {
        default: 'h-10 px-4 py-2',
        sm: 'h-9 rounded-md px-3',
        lg: 'h-11 rounded-md px-8',
        icon: 'h-10 w-10',
      },
    },
    defaultVariants: {
      variant: 'default',
      size: 'default',
    },
  }
)

export interface ButtonProps
  extends React.ButtonHTMLAttributes<HTMLButtonElement>,
    VariantProps<typeof buttonVariants> {
  asChild?: boolean
}

const Button = forwardRef<HTMLButtonElement, ButtonProps>(
  ({ className, variant, size, ...props }, ref) => {
    return (
      <button
        className={cn(buttonVariants({ variant, size, className }))}
        ref={ref}
        {...props}
      />
    )
  }
)
Button.displayName = 'Button'

export { Button, buttonVariants }
```

**Usage:**

```tsx
<Button variant="destructive" size="lg">Delete</Button>
<Button variant="outline">Cancel</Button>
<Button variant="ghost" size="icon"><Search /></Button>
```

---

## Pattern 2: Compound Components

Composable components with shared context:

```typescript
// components/ui/card.tsx
import { cn } from '@/lib/utils'
import { forwardRef } from 'react'

const Card = forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement>>(
  ({ className, ...props }, ref) => (
    <div
      ref={ref}
      className={cn('rounded-lg border bg-card text-card-foreground shadow-sm', className)}
      {...props}
    />
  )
)
Card.displayName = 'Card'

const CardHeader = forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement>>(
  ({ className, ...props }, ref) => (
    <div ref={ref} className={cn('flex flex-col space-y-1.5 p-6', className)} {...props} />
  )
)
CardHeader.displayName = 'CardHeader'

const CardTitle = forwardRef<HTMLHeadingElement, React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLHeadingElement>>(
  ({ className, ...props }, ref) => (
    <h3 ref={ref} className={cn('text-2xl font-semibold leading-none tracking-tight', className)} {...props} />
  )
)
CardTitle.displayName = 'CardTitle'

const CardDescription = forwardRef<HTMLParagraphElement, React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLParagraphElement>>(
  ({ className, ...props }, ref) => (
    <p ref={ref} className={cn('text-sm text-muted-foreground', className)} {...props} />
  )
)
CardDescription.displayName = 'CardDescription'

const CardContent = forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement>>(
  ({ className, ...props }, ref) => (
    <div ref={ref} className={cn('p-6 pt-0', className)} {...props} />
  )
)
CardContent.displayName = 'CardContent'

const CardFooter = forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement>>(
  ({ className, ...props }, ref) => (
    <div ref={ref} className={cn('flex items-center p-6 pt-0', className)} {...props} />
  )
)
CardFooter.displayName = 'CardFooter'

export { Card, CardHeader, CardTitle, CardDescription, CardContent, CardFooter }
```

**Usage:**

```tsx
<Card>
  <CardHeader>
    <CardTitle>Account Settings</CardTitle>
    <CardDescription>Manage your account preferences</CardDescription>
  </CardHeader>
  <CardContent>
    <form>{/* form fields */}</form>
  </CardContent>
  <CardFooter>
    <Button>Save Changes</Button>
  </CardFooter>
</Card>
```

---

## Pattern 3: Form Components with Validation

```typescript
// components/ui/input.tsx
import { forwardRef } from 'react'
import { cn } from '@/lib/utils'

export interface InputProps extends React.InputHTMLAttributes<HTMLInputElement> {
  error?: string
}

const Input = forwardRef<HTMLInputElement, InputProps>(
  ({ className, type, error, ...props }, ref) => {
    return (
      <div className="relative">
        <input
          type={type}
          className={cn(
            'flex h-10 w-full rounded-md border border-input bg-background px-3 py-2 text-sm ring-offset-background',
            'file:border-0 file:bg-transparent file:text-sm file:font-medium',
            'placeholder:text-muted-foreground',
            'focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ring focus-visible:ring-offset-2',
            'disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-50',
            error && 'border-destructive focus-visible:ring-destructive',
            className
          )}
          ref={ref}
          aria-invalid={!!error}
          aria-describedby={error ? `${props.id}-error` : undefined}
          {...props}
        />
        {error && (
          <p id={`${props.id}-error`} className="mt-1 text-sm text-destructive" role="alert">
            {error}
          </p>
        )}
      </div>
    )
  }
)
Input.displayName = 'Input'

export { Input }
```

---

## Pattern 4: Grid System

```typescript
// components/ui/grid.tsx
import { cn } from '@/lib/utils'
import { cva, type VariantProps } from 'class-variance-authority'

const gridVariants = cva('grid', {
  variants: {
    cols: {
      1: 'grid-cols-1',
      2: 'grid-cols-1 sm:grid-cols-2',
      3: 'grid-cols-1 sm:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3',
      4: 'grid-cols-1 sm:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-4',
    },
    gap: {
      none: 'gap-0',
      sm: 'gap-2',
      md: 'gap-4',
      lg: 'gap-6',
      xl: 'gap-8',
    },
  },
  defaultVariants: {
    cols: 3,
    gap: 'md',
  },
})

interface GridProps extends React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement>, VariantProps<typeof gridVariants> {}

export function Grid({ className, cols, gap, ...props }: GridProps) {
  return <div className={cn(gridVariants({ cols, gap, className }))} {...props} />
}

// Container component
const containerVariants = cva('mx-auto w-full